Yehezkiel 5:11

5:11 “Therefore, as surely as I live, says the sovereign Lord, because you defiled my sanctuary with all your detestable idols and with all your abominable practices, I will withdraw; my eye will not pity you, nor will I spare ¹  you.

Yehezkiel 7:19-22

7:19 They will discard their silver in the streets, and their gold will be treated like filth. ²  Their silver and gold will not be able to deliver them on the day of the Lord’s fury. ³  They will not satisfy their hunger or fill their stomachs because their wealth ⁴  was the obstacle leading to their iniquity. ⁵  7:20 They rendered the beauty of his ornaments into pride, ⁶  and with it they made their abominable images – their detestable idols. Therefore I will render it filthy to them. 7:21 I will give it to foreigners as loot, to the world’s wicked ones as plunder, and they will desecrate it. 7:22 I will turn my face away from them and they will desecrate my treasured place. ⁷  Vandals will enter it and desecrate it. ⁸ 

Yehezkiel 7:24

7:24 I will bring the most wicked of the nations and they will take possession of their houses. I will put an end to the arrogance of the strong, and their sanctuaries ⁹  will be desecrated.

Yehezkiel 9:7

9:7 He said to them, “Defile the temple and fill the courtyards with corpses. Go!” So they went out and struck people down throughout the city.

Yehezkiel 13:19

13:19 You have profaned me among my people for handfuls of barley and scraps of bread. You have put to death people ¹⁰  who should not die and kept alive those who should not live by your lies to my people, who listen to lies!

Yehezkiel 14:11

14:11 so that the house of Israel will no longer go astray from me, nor continue to defile themselves by all their sins. They will be my people and I will be their God, ¹¹  declares the sovereign Lord.’”

Yehezkiel 16:25

16:25 At the head of every street you erected your pavilion and you disgraced ¹²  your beauty when you spread ¹³  your legs to every passerby and multiplied your promiscuity.

Yehezkiel 18:6

18:6 does not eat pagan sacrifices on the mountains ¹⁴  or pray to the idols ¹⁵  of the house of Israel, does not defile his neighbor’s wife, does not have sexual relations with a ¹⁶  woman during her period,

Yehezkiel 18:11

18:11 (though the father did not do any of them). ¹⁷  He eats pagan sacrifices on the mountains, ¹⁸  defiles his neighbor’s wife,

Yehezkiel 18:15

18:15 He does not eat pagan sacrifices on the mountains, does not pray to the idols of the house of Israel, does not defile his neighbor’s wife,

Yehezkiel 20:7

20:7 I said to them, “Each of you must get rid of the detestable idols you keep before you, ¹⁹  and do not defile yourselves with the idols of Egypt; I am the Lord your God.”

Yehezkiel 20:9

20:9 I acted for the sake of my reputation, ²⁰  so that I would not be profaned before the nations among whom they lived, ²¹  before whom I revealed myself by bringing them out of the land of Egypt. ²² 

Yehezkiel 20:13-14

20:13 But the house of Israel rebelled against me in the wilderness; they did not follow my statutes and they rejected my regulations (the one who obeys them will live by them), and they utterly desecrated my Sabbaths. So I decided to pour out ²³  my rage on them in the wilderness and destroy them. ²⁴  20:14 I acted for the sake of my reputation, so that I would not be profaned before the nations in whose sight I had brought them out.

Yehezkiel 20:16

20:16 I did this ²⁵  because they rejected my regulations, did not follow my statutes, and desecrated my Sabbaths; for their hearts followed their idols. ²⁶ 

Yehezkiel 20:18

20:18 “‘But I said to their children ²⁷  in the wilderness, “Do not follow the practices of your fathers; do not observe their regulations, ²⁸  nor defile yourselves with their idols.

Yehezkiel 20:21-22

20:21 “‘But the children ²⁹  rebelled against me, did not follow my statutes, did not observe my regulations by carrying them out (the one who obeys ³⁰  them will live by them), and desecrated my Sabbaths. I decided to pour out ³¹  my rage on them and fully vent my anger against them in the wilderness. 20:22 But I refrained from doing so, ³²  and acted instead for the sake of my reputation, so that I would not be profaned before the nations in whose sight I had brought them out.

Yehezkiel 20:24

20:24 I did this ³³  because they did not observe my regulations, they rejected my statutes, they desecrated my Sabbaths, and their eyes were fixed on ³⁴  their fathers’ idols.

Yehezkiel 20:26

20:26 I declared them to be defiled because of their sacrifices ³⁵  – they caused all their first born to pass through the fire ³⁶  – so that I would devastate them, so that they will know that I am the Lord.’ ³⁷ 

Yehezkiel 20:30-31

20:30 “Therefore say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Will you defile yourselves like your fathers ³⁸  and engage in prostitution with detestable idols? 20:31 When you present your sacrifices ³⁹  – when you make your sons pass through the fire – you defile yourselves with all your idols to this very day. Will I allow you to seek me, ⁴⁰  O house of Israel? As surely as I live, declares the sovereign Lord, I will not allow you to seek me! ⁴¹ 

Yehezkiel 20:39

20:39 “‘As for you, O house of Israel, this is what the sovereign Lord says: Each of you go and serve your idols, ⁴²  if you will not listen to me. ⁴³  But my holy name will not be profaned ⁴⁴  again by your sacrifices ⁴⁵  and your idols.

Yehezkiel 20:43

20:43 And there you will remember your conduct ⁴⁶  and all your deeds by which you defiled yourselves. You will despise yourselves ⁴⁷  because of all the evil deeds you have done.

Yehezkiel 22:3-5

22:3 Then say, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: O city, who spills blood within herself (which brings on her doom), ⁴⁸  and who makes herself idols (which results in impurity), 22:4 you are guilty because of the blood you shed and defiled by the idols you made. You have hastened the day of your doom; ⁴⁹  the end of your years has come. ⁵⁰  Therefore I will make ⁵¹  you an object of scorn to the nations, an object to be mocked by all lands. 22:5 Those both near and far from you will mock you, you with your bad reputation, ⁵²  full of turmoil.

Yehezkiel 22:8

22:8 You have despised my holy things and desecrated my Sabbaths!

Yehezkiel 22:10-11

22:10 They have sex with their father’s wife within you; ⁵³  they violate women during their menstrual period within you. ⁵⁴  22:11 One ⁵⁵  commits an abominable act with his neighbor’s wife; another obscenely defiles his daughter-in-law; another violates ⁵⁶  his sister – his father’s daughter ⁵⁷  – within you.

Yehezkiel 22:16

22:16 You will be profaned within yourself ⁵⁸  in the sight of the nations; then you will know that I am the Lord.’”

Yehezkiel 22:26

22:26 Her priests abuse my law and have desecrated my holy things. They do not distinguish between the holy and the profane, ⁵⁹  or recognize any distinction between the unclean and the clean. They ignore ⁶⁰  my Sabbaths and I am profaned in their midst.

Yehezkiel 23:7

23:7 She bestowed her sexual favors on them; all of them were the choicest young men of Assyria. She defiled herself with all whom she desired ⁶¹  – with all their idols.

Yehezkiel 23:13

23:13 I saw that she was defiled; both of them followed the same path.

Yehezkiel 23:17

23:17 The Babylonians crawled into bed with her. ⁶²  They defiled her with their lust; after she was defiled by them, she ⁶³  became disgusted with them.

Yehezkiel 23:20

23:20 She lusted after their genitals – as large as those of donkeys, ⁶⁴  and their seminal emission was as strong as that of stallions.

Yehezkiel 23:30

23:30 I will do these things to you ⁶⁵  because you engaged in prostitution with the nations, polluting yourself with their idols.

Yehezkiel 23:38-39

23:38 Moreover, they have done this to me: In the very same day ⁶⁶  they desecrated my sanctuary and profaned my Sabbaths. 23:39 On the same day they slaughtered their sons for their idols, they came to my sanctuary to desecrate it. This is what they have done in the middle of my house.

Yehezkiel 24:11

24:11 Set the empty pot on the coals, ⁶⁷ 

until it becomes hot and its copper glows,

until its uncleanness melts within it and its rot ⁶⁸  is consumed.

Yehezkiel 24:13

24:13 You mix uncleanness with obscene conduct. ⁶⁹ 

I tried to cleanse you, ⁷⁰  but you are not clean.

You will not be cleansed from your uncleanness ⁷¹ 

until I have exhausted my anger on you.

Yehezkiel 24:21

24:21 Say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Realize I am about to desecrate my sanctuary – the source of your confident pride, ⁷²  the object in which your eyes delight, ⁷³  and your life’s passion. ⁷⁴  Your very own sons and daughters whom you have left behind will die ⁷⁵  by the sword.

Yehezkiel 25:3

25:3 Say to the Ammonites, ‘Hear the word of the sovereign Lord: This is what the sovereign Lord says: You said “Aha!” about my sanctuary when it was desecrated, about the land of Israel when it was made desolate, and about the house of Judah when they went into exile.

Yehezkiel 28:7

28:7 I am about to bring foreigners ⁷⁶  against you, the most terrifying of nations.

They will draw their swords against the grandeur made by your wisdom, ⁷⁷ 

and they will defile your splendor.

Yehezkiel 28:18

28:18 By the multitude of your iniquities, through the sinfulness of your trade,

you desecrated your sanctuaries.

So I drew fire out from within you;

it consumed you,

and I turned you to ashes on the earth

before the eyes of all who saw you.

Yehezkiel 33:26

33:26 You rely ⁷⁸  on your swords and commit abominable deeds; each of you defiles his neighbor’s wife. Will you possess the land?’

Yehezkiel 36:17-18

36:17 “Son of man, when the house of Israel was living on their own land, they defiled it by their behavior ⁷⁹  and their deeds. In my sight their behavior was like the uncleanness of a woman having her monthly period. 36:18 So I poured my anger on them ⁸⁰  because of the blood they shed on the land and because of the idols with which they defiled it. ⁸¹ 

Yehezkiel 36:20-23

36:20 But when they arrived in the nations where they went, they profaned my holy name. It was said of them, ‘These are the people of the Lord, yet they have departed from his land.’ 36:21 I was concerned for my holy reputation ⁸²  which the house of Israel profaned among the nations where they went.

36:22 “Therefore say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: It is not for your sake that I am about to act, O house of Israel, but for the sake of my holy reputation ⁸³  which you profaned among the nations where you went. 36:23 I will magnify ⁸⁴  my great name that has been profaned among the nations, that you have profaned among them. The nations will know that I am the Lord, declares the sovereign Lord, when I magnify myself among you in their sight.

Yehezkiel 36:25

36:25 I will sprinkle you with pure water ⁸⁵  and you will be clean from all your impurities. I will purify you from all your idols.

Yehezkiel 36:29

36:29 I will save you from all your uncleanness. I will call for the grain and multiply it; I will not bring a famine on you.

Yehezkiel 37:23

37:23 They will not defile themselves with their idols, their detestable things, and all their rebellious deeds. I will save them from all their unfaithfulness ⁸⁶  by which they sinned. I will purify them; they will become my people and I will become their God.

Yehezkiel 39:7

39:7 “‘I will make my holy name known in the midst of my people Israel; I will not let my holy name be profaned anymore. Then the nations will know that I am the Lord, the Holy One of Israel. ⁸⁷ 

Yehezkiel 39:12

39:12 For seven months Israel ⁸⁸  will bury them, in order to cleanse the land.

Yehezkiel 39:14

39:14 They will designate men to scout continually ⁸⁹  through the land, burying those who remain on the surface of the ground, ⁹⁰  in order to cleanse it. They will search for seven full months.

Yehezkiel 39:24

39:24 According to their uncleanness and rebellion I have dealt with them, and I hid my face from them.

Yehezkiel 43:7-8

43:7 He said to me: “Son of man, this is the place of my throne ⁹¹  and the place for the soles of my feet, ⁹²  where I will live among the people of Israel forever. The house of Israel will no longer profane my holy name, neither they nor their kings, by their spiritual prostitution or by the pillars of their kings set up when they die. ⁹³  43:8 When they placed their threshold by my threshold and their doorpost by my doorpost, with only the wall between me and them, they profaned my holy name by the abominable deeds they committed. So I consumed them in my anger.

Yehezkiel 44:7

44:7 When you bring foreigners, those uncircumcised in heart and in flesh, into my sanctuary, you desecrate ⁹⁴  it – even my house – when you offer my food, the fat and the blood. You ⁹⁵  have broken my covenant by all your abominable practices.

[5:11]  ¹ tn The meaning of the Hebrew term is primarily emotional: “to pity,” which in context implies an action, as in being moved by pity in order to spare them from the horror of their punishment.

[7:19]  ² tn The Hebrew term can refer to menstrual impurity. The term also occurs at the end of v. 20.

[7:19]  ³ sn Compare Zeph 1:18.

[7:19]  ⁴ tn Heb “it.” Apparently the subject is the silver and gold mentioned earlier (see L. C. Allen, Ezekiel [WBC], 1:102).

[7:19]  ⁵ tn The “stumbling block of their iniquity” is a unique phrase of the prophet Ezekiel (Ezek 14:3, 4, 7; 18:30; 44:12).

[7:20]  ⁶ tc The MT reads “he set up the beauty of his ornament as pride.” The verb may be repointed as plural without changing the consonantal text. The Syriac reads “their ornaments” (plural), implying עֶדְיָם (’edyam) rather than עֶדְיוֹ (’edyo) and meaning “they were proud of their beautiful ornaments.” This understands “ornaments” in the common sense of women’s jewelry, which then were used to make idols. The singular suffix “his ornaments” would refer to using items from the temple treasury to make idols. D. I. Block points out the foreshadowing of Ezek 16:17 which, with Rashi and the Targum, supports the understanding that this is a reference to temple items. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:265.

[7:22]  ⁷ sn My treasured place probably refers to the temple (however, cf. NLT “my treasured land”).

[7:22]  ⁸ sn Since the pronouns “it” are both feminine, they do not refer to the masculine “my treasured place”; instead they probably refer to Jerusalem or the land, both of which are feminine in Hebrew.

[7:24]  ⁹ sn Or “their holy places” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NCV, NRSV).

[13:19]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “human lives” or “souls.”

[14:11]  ¹¹ sn I will be their God. See Exod 6:7; Lev 26:12; Jer 7:23; 11:4.

[16:25]  ¹² tn Heb “treated as if abominable,” i.e., repudiated.

[16:25]  ¹³ tn The only other occurrence of the Hebrew root is found in Prov 13:3 in reference to the talkative person who habitually “opens wide” his lips.

[18:6]  ¹⁴ tn Heb, “on the mountains he does not eat.” The mountains are often mentioned as the place where idolatrous sacrifices were eaten (Ezek 20:28; 22:9; 34:6).

[18:6]  ¹⁵ tn Heb, “does not lift up his eyes.” This refers to looking to idols for help.

[18:6]  ¹⁶ tn Heb, “does not draw near to.” “Draw near” is a euphemism for sexual intercourse (Lev 18:14; Deut 22:14; Isa 8:3).

[18:11]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “and he all of these did not do.” The parenthetical note refers back to the father described in the preceding verses.

[18:11]  ¹⁸ sn See note on “mountains” in v. 6.

[20:7]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “each one, the detestable things of his eyes, throw away.” The Pentateuch does not refer to the Israelites worshiping idols in Egypt, but Josh 24:14 appears to suggest that they did so.

[20:9]  ²⁰ tn Heb “for the sake of my name.”

[20:9]  ²¹ tn Heb “before the eyes of the nations in whose midst they were.”

[20:9]  ²² tn Heb “to whom I made myself known before their eyes to bring them out from the land of Egypt.” The translation understands the infinitive construct (“to bring them out”) as indicating manner. God’s deliverance of his people from Egypt was an act of self-revelation in that it displayed his power and his commitment to his promises.

[20:13]  ²³ tn Heb “and I said/thought to pour out.”

[20:13]  ²⁴ tn Heb “to bring them to an end.”

[20:16]  ²⁵ tn The words “I did this” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied for stylistic reasons. Verses 15-16 are one long sentence in the Hebrew text. The translation divides this sentence into two for stylistic reasons.

[20:16]  ²⁶ tn Heb “for after their idols their heart was going.” The use of the active participle (“was going”) in the Hebrew text draws attention to the ongoing nature of their idolatrous behavior.

[20:18]  ²⁷ tn Heb “sons,” reflecting the patriarchal idiom of the culture.

[20:18]  ²⁸ tn Or “standard of justice.” See Ezek 7:27.

[20:21]  ²⁹ tn Heb “sons.”

[20:21]  ³⁰ tn Or “carries them out.”

[20:21]  ³¹ tn Heb “and I said/thought to pour out.”

[20:22]  ³² tn Heb “drew my hand back.” This idiom also occurs in Lam 2:8 and Ps 74:11.

[20:24]  ³³ tn The words “I did this” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied for stylistic reasons. Verses 23-24 are one long sentence in the Hebrew text. The translation divides this sentence into two for stylistic reasons.

[20:24]  ³⁴ tn Or “they worshiped” (NCV, TEV, CEV); Heb “their eyes were on” or “were after” (cf. v. 16).

[20:26]  ³⁵ tn Or “gifts.”

[20:26]  ³⁶ sn This act is prohibited in Deut 12:29-31 and Jer 7:31; 19:5; 32:35. See also 2 Kgs 21:6; 23:10. This custom indicates that the laws the Israelites were following were the disastrous laws of pagan nations (see Ezek 16:20-21).

[20:26]  ³⁷ sn God sometimes punishes sin by inciting the sinner to sin even more, as the biblical examples of divine hardening and deceit make clear. See Robert B. Chisholm, Jr., “Divine Hardening in the Old Testament,” BSac 153 (1996): 410-34; idem, “Does God Deceive?” BSac 155 (1998): 11-28. For other instances where the Lord causes individuals to act unwisely or even sinfully as punishment for sin, see 1 Sam 2:25; 2 Sam 17:14; 1 Kgs 12:15; 2 Chr 25:20.

[20:30]  ³⁸ tn Heb “in the way of your fathers.”

[20:31]  ³⁹ tn Or “gifts.”

[20:31]  ⁴⁰ tn Or “Will I reveal myself to you?”

[20:31]  ⁴¹ tn Or “I will not reveal myself to you.”

[20:39]  ⁴² sn Compare the irony here to Amos 4:4 and Jer 44:25.

[20:39]  ⁴³ tn Heb “and after, if you will not listen to me.” The translation leaves out “and after” for smoothness. The text is difficult. M. Greenberg (Ezekiel [AB], 1:374) suggests that it may mean “but afterwards, if you will not listen to me…” with an unspoken threat.

[20:39]  ⁴⁴ sn A similar concept may be found in Lev 18:21; 20:3.

[20:39]  ⁴⁵ tn Or “gifts.”

[20:43]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “ways.”

[20:43]  ⁴⁷ tn Heb “loathe yourselves in your faces.”

[22:3]  ⁴⁸ tn Heb “her time”; this refers to the time of impending judgment (see the note on “doom” in v. 4).

[22:4]  ⁴⁹ tn Heb “you have brought near your days.” The expression “bring near your days” appears to be an adaptation of the idiom “days draw near,” which is used to indicate that an event, such as death, is imminent (see Gen 27:41; 47:29; Deut 31:14; 1 Kgs 2:1; Ezek 12:23). Here “your days” probably refers to the days of the personified city’s life, which was about to come to an end through God’s judgment.

[22:4]  ⁵⁰ tn Heb “and you have come to your years.” This appears to mean that she has arrived at the time when her years (i.e., life) would end, though it may mean that her years of punishment will begin. Because “day” and “time” are so closely associated in the immediate context (see 21:25, 29) some prefer to emend the text and read “you have brought near your time.” See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:31, as well as the translator’s note on verse 3.

[22:4]  ⁵¹ tn The Hebrew verb is a prophetic perfect, emphasizing that the action is as good as done from the speaker’s perspective.

[22:5]  ⁵² tn Heb “unclean of name.”

[22:10]  ⁵³ tn Heb “the nakedness of a father one uncovers within you.” The ancient versions read the verb as plural (“they uncover”). If the singular is retained, it must be taken as indefinite and representative of the entire group. The idiomatic expression “uncover the nakedness” refers here to sexual intercourse (cf. Lev 18:6). To uncover a father’s nakedness could include sexual relations with one’s own mother (Lev 18:7), but more likely it refers to having intercourse with another wife of one’s father, such as a stepmother (Lev 18:8; cf. Gen 35:22; 49:4).

[22:10]  ⁵⁴ tn Heb “(one who is) unclean due to the impurity they humble within you.” The use of the verb “to humble” suggests that these men forced themselves upon women during menstruation. Having sexual relations with a woman during her period was forbidden by the Law (Lev 18:19; 20:18).

[22:11]  ⁵⁵ tn Heb “a man.”

[22:11]  ⁵⁶ tn The verb is the same one used in verse 10b and suggests forcible sexual violation of the woman.

[22:11]  ⁵⁷ sn Sexual relations with one’s half-sister may be primarily in view here. See Lev 18:9; 20:17.

[22:16]  ⁵⁸ tc Several ancient versions read the verb as first person, in which case the Lord refers to how his people’s sin brings disgrace upon him. For a defense of the Hebrew text, see D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:712, n. 68, and M. Greenberg, Ezekiel (AB), 2:457-58.

[22:16]  tn The phrase “within yourself” is the same as the several previous occurrences of “within you” but adjusted to fit this clause which is the culmination of the series of indictments.

[22:26]  ⁵⁹ tn Or “between the consecrated and the common.”

[22:26]  ⁶⁰ tn Heb “hide their eyes from.” The idiom means to disregard or ignore something or someone (see Lev 20:4; 1 Sam 12:3; Prov 28:27; Isa 1:15).

[23:7]  ⁶¹ tn Heb “lusted after.”

[23:17]  ⁶² tn Heb “The sons of Babel came to her on a bed of love.”

[23:17]  ⁶³ tn Heb “her soul.”

[23:20]  ⁶⁴ tn Heb “She lusted after their concubines (?) whose flesh was the flesh of donkeys.” The phrase “their concubines” is extremely problematic here. The pronoun is masculine plural, suggesting that the Egyptian men are in view, but how concubines would fit into the picture envisioned here is not clear. Some suggest that Ezekiel uses the term in an idiomatic sense of “paramour,” but this still fails to explain how the pronoun relates to the noun. It is more likely that the term refers here to the Egyptians’ genitals. The relative pronoun that follows introduces a more specific description of their genitals.

[23:30]  ⁶⁵ tn The infinitive absolute continues the sequence begun in v. 28: “Look here, I am about to deliver you.” See Joüon 2:430 §123.w.

[23:38]  ⁶⁶ tn Heb “in that day.”

[24:11]  ⁶⁷ tn Heb “set it upon its coals, empty.”

[24:11]  ⁶⁸ tn Or “rust” (so also in v. 12).

[24:13]  ⁶⁹ tn Heb “in your uncleanness (is) obscene conduct.”

[24:13]  ⁷⁰ tn Heb “because I cleansed you.” In this context (see especially the very next statement), the statement must refer to divine intention and purpose. Despite God’s efforts to cleanse his people, they resisted him and remained morally impure.

[24:13]  ⁷¹ tn The Hebrew text adds the word “again.”

[24:21]  ⁷² tn Heb “the pride of your strength” means “your strong pride.”

[24:21]  ⁷³ sn Heb “the delight of your eyes.” Just as Ezekiel was deprived of his beloved wife (v. 16, the “desire” of his “eyes”) so the Lord would be forced to remove the object of his devotion, the temple, which symbolized his close relationship to his covenant people.

[24:21]  ⁷⁴ tn Heb “the object of compassion of your soul.” The accentuation in the traditional Hebrew text indicates that the descriptive phrases (“the source of your confident pride, the object in which your eyes delight, and your life’s passion”) modify the preceding “my sanctuary.”

[24:21]  ⁷⁵ tn Heb “fall.”

[28:7]  ⁷⁶ sn This is probably a reference to the Babylonians.

[28:7]  ⁷⁷ tn Heb “they will draw their swords against the beauty of your wisdom.”

[33:26]  ⁷⁸ tn Heb “stand.”

[36:17]  ⁷⁹ tn Heb “way.”

[36:18]  ⁸⁰ sn See Ezek 7:8; 9:8; 14:19; 20:8, 13, 21; 22:22; 30:15.

[36:18]  ⁸¹ sn For the concept of defiling the land in legal literature, see Lev 18:28; Deut 21:23.

[36:21]  ⁸² tn Heb “name.”

[36:22]  ⁸³ sn In Ezek 20:22 God refrained from punishment for the sake of his holy name. Here God’s reputation is the basis for Israel’s restoration.

[36:23]  ⁸⁴ tn Or “sanctify,” Heb “make holy.”

[36:25]  ⁸⁵ sn The Lord here uses a metaphor from the realm of ritual purification. For the use of water in ritual cleansing, see Exod 30:19-20; Lev 14:51; Num 19:18; Heb 10:22.

[37:23]  ⁸⁶ tc Heb “their dwellings.” The text as it stands does not make sense. Based on the LXX, a slight emendation of two vowels, including a mater, yields the reading “from their turning,” a reference here to their turning from God and deviating from his commandments. See BDB 1000 s.v. מְשׁוּבָה, and D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:407.

[39:7]  ⁸⁷ sn The basic sense of the word “holy” is “set apart from that which is commonplace, special, unique.” The Lord’s holiness is first and foremost his transcendent sovereignty as the ruler of the world. He is “set apart” from the world over which he rules. At the same time his holiness encompasses his moral authority, which derives from his royal position. As king he has the right to dictate to his subjects how they are to live; indeed his very own character sets the standard for proper behavior. This expression is a common title for the Lord in the book of Isaiah.

[39:12]  ⁸⁸ tn Heb “the house of Israel.”

[39:14]  ⁸⁹ tn Heb “men of perpetuity.”

[39:14]  ⁹⁰ tn Heb “and bury the travelers and those who remain on the surface of the ground.” The reference to “travelers” seems odd and is omitted in the LXX. It is probably an accidental duplication (see v. 11).

[43:7]  ⁹¹ sn God’s throne is mentioned in Isa 6:1; Jer 3:17.

[43:7]  ⁹² sn See 1 Chr 28:2; Ps 99:5; 132:7; Isa 60:13; Lam 2:1.

[43:7]  ⁹³ tn Heb “by their corpses in their death.” But the term normally translated “corpses” is better understood here as a reference to funeral pillars or funerary offerings. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:583-85, and L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:257.

[44:7]  ⁹⁴ tn Heb “to desecrate.”

[44:7]  ⁹⁵ tc The Greek, Syriac, and Latin versions read “you.” The Masoretic text reads “they.”